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| Toft village ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Toft village
In England and Scotland, a toft village is a settlement comprising small and relatively closely packed farms (tofts) with the surrounding land owned and farmed by those who live in the village's buildings. Late Old English ''toft'', with Old English declension (plural) ''toftas'' > tofts. ''Toft'' as a placename element is usually dated to the Viking Age by place-name historians.〔Mats Riddersporre, "Settlement Site—Village Site: Analysis of the Toft-Structure in Some Medieval Villages and Its Relation to Late Iron Age Settlements. A Preliminary Report and Some Tentative Ideas Based on Scanian Examples" ''Geografiska Annaler''. Series B, Human Geography, 701 (1988:75-85) p. 80, noting B. Holmberg, "Tomt och toft som appelativ och ortnamnselement", ''Skrifter urgivna af Kungl. Gustaf Adolfs Akademien'' 17 Uppsala, 1946, and B. Pamp, ''Ortnamn i Skåne'', 1983.〕
Placenames ending in ''-toft'' are usually of Old Norse derivation, ''topt'' meaning "site of a house".〔''English Etymology'', T. F. Hoad, Oxford University Press 1993.〕 Examples are Langtoft, Habertoft, Huttoft, Knaptoft, Lowestoft, Newtoft, Scraptoft, Sibbertoft, Stowlangtoft, Wibtoft, Yelvertoft and various places simply called Toft in the former Danelaw. This typical Old Norse element allows to estimate the extension of Scandinavian settlements in the Middle Ages such as in Schleswig-Holstein (''-toft'' : Langstoft, Havetoft, Koltoft, Goltoft, Kaltoft...), Normandy (''-tot'' : Lanquetot, Colletot, Caltot, Hottot, Hotot...), etc.
==References==
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